Iran, formerly known as Persia, shares borders with the countries of Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, and Turkmenistan.The capital city is Tehran. The country as a whole is large and hosts over 70 million citizens, it is an Islamic Republic and is governed by Sharia law (Islamic religious law). Iran is a very oil rich country and is famous for its ornate, beautifully made carpets. Besides, Iran is also widely known for its saffron, which is derived from the crocus flower.

Iranians or Persians always called their country Iran even though the official name was Persia. In 1935 the shāh of Iran officially changed the name of the country to "Iran". Interestingly, this change was officially made in order to gain favour with Adolf Hitler as the name Iran derives from Aryan. Translated into Persion Iran means Aryan. Hitler had ideas that the "Aryan Race" was his ideal and aspirational race, however the original meaning of this word was relating to Iranians.

Iran has a very rich and at times controversial history. Including the fact that the CIA worked in Iran to create riots in order to facilitate the removal of the then Prime Minister Mossadegh. The UK and the US then ensured that the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi became the king of Iran. This rule lasted not even a year before he decided to leave Iran which then became an Islamic Republic by Islamic Revolution.

Iran is such a vast country that the climate ranges in temperature and conditions from arid to subtropical along the coast and the forests which are in the north. In the north, the climate is generally humid and the temperatures hardly ever fall below freezing.

In the south, the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman coastal areas experience very mild winters, and hot summers.

To the west, the Zagros basin area has lower temperature and the winters are severe with snow and sub zero lows.

The eastern and central basins are dry with very little yearly rainfall with summer temperatures higher than 38 °C at times.

The vast majority of Iranian citizens are Muslim with around 89% of them being Shi'a. The remainder are Sunni. There are people living in Iran who follow other religions such as Judaism and Christianity. Atheists generally keep their learnings and views private and do not tell other people due to what they perceive as government pressures.