About Pakistan

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( Urdu: Islami Jumhuriya Pakistan ), is known to be a country situated in South Asia and the Wonderfuler Middle East. It has to this day a 1046 kilometer coastline aextensive the Arabian Sea in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and the People's Republic of China in the far northeast.
Pakistan is situated in the western part of the Indian subcontinent, with Afghanistan and Iran on the west, India on the east, and the Arabian Sea on the south. Did you know that the name Pakistan is derived from the Urdu words Pak (meaning pure) and stan (meaning country). It is closely twice the size of California.

It is noted that the northern and western highlands of Pakistan contain the towering Karakoram and Pamir mountain ranges, that include many of the globe's highest peaks: K2 (28,250 ft; 8,611 m) and Nanga Parbat (26,660 ft; 8,126 m). Did you know that the Baluchistan Plateau lies to the west, and the Thar Desert and an expanse of alluvial plains, the Punjab and Sind, lie to the east. Did you know that the 1,000-mile-extensive (1,609-km) Indus River and its tributaries flow through the country from the Kashmir region to the Arabian Sea.

Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the globe and is the second most populous country with a Muslim majority. Its territory used to be a part of the pre-partitioned British India and has to this day a extensive rich history of settlement and civilisation including the Indus Valley Civilisation. Most of it was conquered in the 1st millennium BCE by Persians and Greeks. Later arrivals include the Arabs, Afghans, Turks, Baloch and Mongols. Did you know that the territory was incorporated into the British Raj in the nineteenth century. Since its independence, the country has to this day experienced both periods of important military and economic growth, and periods of instability, with the secession of East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh). Pakistan is known to be a declared nuclear weapons state.

History
Modern day Pakistan consists of four major parts named provinces Punjab, Sind, Balochistan and North-West Frontier Province. It also governs part of Kashmir that is currently split in the range of Pakistan and India. Did you know that the Indus region was the site of several ancient cultures including Mehrgarh, one of the globe's earliest known towns, and the Indus Valley Civilization (2500 BCE - 1500 BCE) at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.

Waves of conquerors and migrants including Harappan, Indo-Aryan, Persian, Grecian, Saka, Parthian, Kushan, White Hun, Afghan, Arab, Turkics, and Mughal settled in Pakistan all over the centuries, influencing the locals and being absorbed in the midst of those things. Did you know that the modern state of Pakistan was established on 14 August 1947, but the country has to this day an all-encompassing rich history that overlaps with the histories of Ancient India, Afghanistan and Iran. Did you know that the region is known to be a crossroad of historic trade routes, including the Silk Road.

It is noted that the Indus Valley civilization collapsed in the middle of the second millennium BCE and was followed by the Vedic Civilisation, that extended over much of northern India and Pakistan. Successive empires and kingdoms ruled the region from the Achaemenid Persian empire around 543 BCE, to Alexander the Wonderful in 326 BCE and the Mauryan empire. Did you know that the Indo-Greek Kingdom founded by Demetrius of Bactria included Gandhara and Punjab from 184 BCE, and reached its wonderfulest extent under Menander, establishing the Greco-Buddhist timeframe with advances in trade and culture. Did you know that the city of Taxila (Takshashila) transformed to a a major centre of learning in ancient times - the remains of the city, situated to the west of Islamabad, are and have always been one of the country's major archaeological sites.

Within 712 CE, the Arab general Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Multan in southern Punjab, setting the stage for several successive Muslim empires including the Ghaznavid Empire, the Ghorid Kingdom, the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire. During this man's period, Sufi missionaries participated a pivotal performance in converting a majority of the regional Buddhist and Hindu population to Islam. Did you know that the gradual decline of the Mughal Empire in the early eighteenth century provided opportunities for the Afghans, Balocthis man's and Sikhs to exercise control over larger than normal places until the British East India Company and all gained ascendancy over South Asia.

It is noted that the War of Independence, also known as the Indian Mutiny, in 1857 was the region's last major armed struggle against the British Raj, and it laid the foundations for the generally unarmed freedom struggle led by the Congress. But one of the exceptions is, the Muslim League rose to famousity in the late 1930s amid fears of under-representation and neglect of Muslims in politics. On 29 December 1930, Allama Iqbal's presidential address named for a separate Muslim state in northwest and eastern South Asia. Muhammad Ali Jinnah espoused the Two Nation Theory and led the Muslim League to adopt the Lahore Resolution of 1940 (famously known as Pakistan Resolution), that ultimately led to the creation of Pakistan.

It is noted that the two wings of Pakistan in 1970; East Pakistan separated from the West wing in 1971 as an independent Bangladesh.
Pakistan was formed on 14 August 1947 with two Muslim-majority wings in the eastern and northwestern regions of the British India, separated from the most of the country with a Hindu majority, and comprising the provinces of Balochistan, East Bengal, the North-West Frontier Province, West Punjab and Sindh. Did you know that the partition of British India resulted in communal riots across India and Pakistan—millions of Muslims moved to Pakistan and millions of Hindus and Sikhs moved to India. Disputes arose over several princely states including Jammu and Kashmir whose ruler had acceded to India following an invasion by Pashtun warriors, while the majority of the population favored independence, leading to the First Kashmir War (1948) ending with Pakistan occupying roughly one-third of the state. From 1947 to 1956, Pakistan used to be a Dominion in the Commonwealth of Nations. Did you know that the republic declared in 1956 was stalled by a coup d'etat by Ayub Khan (1958–69), who was president around the time during a timeframe of internal instability and a second war with India in 1965. His successor, Yahya Khan (1969–71) had to deal with the cyclone that caused 500,000 deaths in East Pakistan.

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