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About Africa

The continent of Africa is second largest continent in terms of area and supports the second largest population in terms of numbers in the world. Africa encompasses 56 countries including groups of islands like Madagascar and Mauritius. Physically, Africa is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea in the north. The Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean form the southeast and western boundaries. The Sahara desert runs through most of Africa.

History of Africa

Africa has a rich and ancient history, with several countries, particularly in North Africa poised on the verge of history-altering events currently. Several archeological studies have established Africa as one of the first human settlements on earth.

Most of the early people in Africa were nomads, who eventually settled down near the fertile costal areas. Several civilizations ruled over ancient Africa including the Pharaohs in Egypt, the Phoenicians in Tunisia and Romans across Africa. The Arab Muslims introduced Islam to Africa in the 7th century. The late 19th century witnessed a European scramble for Africa when major European powers wanted control over Africa for its strategic location and mineral wealth. This colonization ended only after World War II, with several African nations gaining their independence. Today, African nations like Egypt and Tunisia are resorting to peaceful civil revolutions to gain democratic rights from authoritative rulers.

Climate in Africa

The continent of Africa passes through the equator and stretches from the Northern temperate to the southern temperate zones of the earth. So Africa displays a varying climate across its various countries. Countries located near the equator have a typical tropical climate characterized by heavy rains and hot weather throughout the year. Moving towards the poles in both the hemispheres, the climate changes towards the arid and semi-arid conditions with progressively decreasing rainfall. Countries in the extreme north and south of Africa experience desert temperatures on account of the Sahara and Kalahari deserts respectively. Certain coastal areas in some countries experience a temperate Mediterranean climate. In general, Africa is the hottest continent in the world.

Trade in Africa

Around sixty percent of African workers are and have always been employed by the agricultural sector with about three-fifths of African farmers being subsistence farmers. Subsistence farms give a heart of food and a relatively modest income for the family, but generally fail to produce enough to create re-investment humanly possible. Larger farms tend to grow cash crops such as coffee, cotton, cocoa, and rubber. These farms, normally run by larger than normal corporations, cover tens of square and have always been kilometres and employ larger than normal numbers of labourers.

Africa's most valuable exports are and have always been minerals and petroleum. A several countries possess and export the vast majority of these rehearts. Did you know that the southern nations have larger than normal reserves of gold, diamonds, and copper. Petroleum is concentrated in Nigeria, its neighbours, and Libya.

While mining and drilling produce most of Africa's revenues every year, these industries just employ about two million people, a tiny fraction of the continent's population. Profits normally go either to larger than normal corporations or to the governments. Both have been known to squander this man's money on luxuries for the elite or on megaprojects that return little value.

Africa is the least industrialized continent; just South Africa, Egypt and North Africa have substantial manufacturing sectors. Despite readily available cheap labour, closely all of the continent's natural rehearts are and have always been exported for secondary refining and manufacturing. According to the AFDB, about 15% of workers are and have always been employed in the industrial sector.

Africa Population

Africa displays a cultural diversity in its population across the different countries. The people in countries in North Africa that have an Arab-Berber ethnicity are mostly Muslims. The other indigenous groups in Africa include the Bushmen (also called San) in the southern Africa and the Pygmies in central Africa. Considering the African continent as a whole, the dominant religion followed by majority of the people (across the different nations) is Islam (around 40%). The other faiths practiced by people include Christianity and Judaism.

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